Ahamdulah I will never give up on writing

Hi my name is Sarah elgohary I am a very good person and great writer. I would love to publish some of my papers on social issues in a time magazine . can you please read and consider publishing my paper iam have attaching my writing

To time

I am I consider myself an advocate and a good writer. I have experience writing case notes, creating resume and cover letters, and was an asset with

     My physical disability. I have a unique sense of empathy for those who are disabled as well as any individual seeking to discover the power of their own voice and unique abilities. I want to help each of my clients use their voice as a tool to enable them to communicate their messages and experiences peacefully, so that they make people aware of their personal challenges to the world 

        My interest in social work stems from my writing passion. I enjoy writing because it helps me express myself and alleviate my frustrations. Writing has had a huge influence on my life. It taught me valuable skills, including patience, authenticity, dedication, and confidence. An example of this is when I created a personal blog called the “Shining Star” where I write posts on different topics and social issues that are important issues to me such as: educational inequality, gender roles, media, representation, Syrian refugees, and Egypt.. Writing provides happiness and an opportunity to become a better person and advocate. My blog allows me to advocate, inform, and educate my readers for positive change. Writing has enabled me to observe the world and its tendencies.  

I am looking forward to exploring this wonderful opportunity more in depth. Thank you for your time and attention.

               Respectfully, 

 

Islamophobia Adds to the Syrian Refugee Crisis 

 Immigration and turmoil in the Middle East have always been “hot topics” that resurface in every American presidential election. Even though there are many other presidents who have taken discriminatory actions against certain minorities of people, such as internment camps for the Japanese in World War II, Donald J. Trump, the 45th president, let loose his Islamophobia to such an extent that he has proposed an unconstitutional ban an entire race of people (Muslims) from entering the U.S., because he assumes that all Muslims are terrorists. In other words, amid all the Islamophobic hysteria, the U.S. is trying to deal with an unprecedented number of Syrian refugees coming into the country, who are trying to escape the Syrian civil war that has raged since 2011. 

Although we are called upon to act, our political parties are very polarized; some do not believe that the U.S. should play much of a role in helping refugees directly or indirectly. Congress is extremely divided on this issue. There can be some resolution to this humanitarian crisis if Western nations and the world come together regardless of their differences. One approach to ending this crisis would be to create solutions through a worldwide collaboration of countries sponsored by the UN. However, to find solutions to address the social barriers faced by Syrian refugees, Islamophobia must be overcome. Even though Islamophobia is not the direct cause of the crisis, it is still a strong barrier to finding solutions to this social problem. 

      To understand the severity and the extent of this humanitarian crisis, we need to create a context in which people can study the history of Syria. This allows people to discover what factors led to the Syrian refugee crisis. As a result, people need to analyze the roots of the Syrian refugee crisis, because Syrian refugees are a result of the Syrian civil war. There are many causes of the Syrian civil war, which was inspired by the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya (the Arab Spring in 2011). Like the nations that were part of the Arab Spring, many Syrians wanted to overthrow the dictatorial Assad regime whose founder ruled with an iron from March 1971 until his death in June 2000). 

Due to the lack of freedoms and economic woes which fueled public anger and resentment of the Syrian government. Conflict began with anti-government protests that divided Syrians into two groups. One group remained loyal to their President Bashar al-Assad, while the other group opposed Assad’s regime and fought for democracy in Syria (BBC News 2016). However, the conflict escalated to a civil war

 

An increase in Islamophobia and an irrational belief that all Muslims and refugees are terrorists is now causing an unprecedented ban on Muslims entering the U.S. Such a belief is irrational because it labels and stigmatizes all Muslims, including the majority who practice the actual religion of Islam correctly and peacefully. Muslims are not radicals who justify the killing of innocent people. The Quran absolutely prohibits the killing of innocent people (5:32). 

With an increase in Islamophobia, and an irrational belief that all Muslims and refugees are terrorists, many politicians, especially Republicans, wish to stop accepting Syrian refugees into the U.S. This chauvinistic action is simply based on the stereotype that all Muslims are radical extremists like ISIS, which is a politically motivated organization of radicals who justify killing their own kind. To cure Islamophobia, people need to become educated and have a cultural education of the Islam and its actual teachings. “Muslims” “practice the peaceful religion of Islam and renounce the violent practices of radical extremism. If people could address and recognize their Islamophobia, there would be no reason for people to fear Syrian refugees and stop them from coming to the U.S. Because a great many Americans have misconceptions about Islam, many politicians, especially Republicans, wish to stop accepting Syrian refugees into the U.S. If the American people could join with the worldwide, peaceful Muslim majority and get past their Islamophobia, there would be no reason to fear Syrian refugees or need to stop them from coming to the U.S. There have been many studies on the political, social and economic status of Syrian refugees who have been living in countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011. These studies include one by Susan Bartels and Kathleen Hamil; the authors discovered the fact that 500,000 refugee children have been living in Lebanon for more than 10 days since November 2013 (Bartels & Hamil, 2015). The researchers reported two main findings in this study. First, parents must decide if they should send their children to work in potentially dangerous environments in order to support the family or if they should send them to school. However, even families who want to send their children to school have very limited opportunities or resources such as food and income, if any, to find a school to attend. The lack of opportunity and education for the children resulted in a second finding for Bartles and Hamil who found that these constraints and limitations deprive children of adequate food, education, health care, and play. As a result, many Syrian refugee children have suffered both short- and long-term physical and psychosocial development issues (Bartels & Hamil, 2015). 

This finding is significant because it shows that the safety and well-being of Syrian refugees is compromised. Furthermore, these findings show the internal and external struggles that Syrian refugees face, shedding light on the complicated dimensions of the refugee crisis that western society has never witnessed or taken into consideration. This is why the refugee crisis is now a serious global phenomenon that has not only affected Syria, but also the entire world. Western countries must expand their constrained perspectives on the Syrian refugee crisis and realize that they might be the refugees’ only chance at survival. In order to truly help these refugees, westerners must overcome their emotional disengagement from problems other people face. Unlike the westerners who can turn off the TV news or choose a cartoon instead, the refugees face violence every day from which they cannot escape on their own. Westerners are so alienated from other people’s problems that they do not see that war, economic livelihood and the emotional and educational needs of children are interlinked.

Western nations have a capitalist ideology, which makes most people react to foreign problems with indifference, and hostility. This is the case with the Syrian refugees because people in Western nations do not realize that they have a false conscientiousness about issues that do not directly affect them. They do not react to facts, or problems, that do not fit into their personal worldview (Rizzo, 2016 – The Syrian Revolution Debate | We Write What We Like. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from 

"Syrian Humanitarian Crisis: SOLIDAR Members in Action in crisis .) As a result, it is important to know how to frame Syrian refugees and the refugee crisis in positive ways in order to find solutions. Therefore, even though the European Parliament think tank supports the admission of Syrian refugees (Selby,49 ), the negative way they frame the refugee crisis as a simple migration issue thereby belittles the seriousness of the refugee crisis. At the same time, this type of rhetoric and bad media representation of Syrian refugees is sending an extremely negative message to the world that the refugee problem is not an important enough issue to solve.   

Furthermore, Islamophobia is creating a fear of Syrian refugees as terrorists, causing the problem to get worse rather than being solved. To solve the refugee crisis, people need to stop hiding behind their fear of terrorism and Islamophobia to understand that the majority of Syrian refugees actually are innocent people who are escaping their countries because of conflict. After all, refugees are not seen as terrorists but as innocent people in need of protection. Therefore, people need to change how they view refugees because the only way to solve the refugee crisis is to correctly identify the roots of the problem which not only lie in Islamophobia, but also how refugees are depicted. Generally, people identify refugees as people who need protection and a safe place to live, not as terrorists. However, Syrian refugees are assumed terrorists rather than innocent people. If Western nations view the Syrian refugees the same as other refugees the world could find solutions for the crisis. This approach would be the right and ideal one instead of our current approach of banning innocent Syrian refugees because they are falsely being lumped into the same category as terrorists, which is creating a a big problem

Selby,

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI (2015)572802 Center of Religious action of Reform for Judaism

Saeed, Amir (2015) Racism and Islamophobia: A Personal Perspective. Identity papers: A journal of British and Irish studies, 1 (1). pp. 15-31. ISSN 2058-6205

Selby, J. A., & Beaman, L. G. (2016). Reposing the “Muslim Question”. Critical Research on Religion, 2050303216630541.

The Institute of International Education 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016, 

from /www.york.ac.uk/media/prdu/documents/generaldocuments/Jordan 2014.pd

University, H. (2014, January). Running Out Of Time: Survival of Syrian Refugee Children in Lebanon. Retrieved October 02, 2016, from 

University, York in Jordan (2012, December 6 -18). A Field Study Report The Case of Syrian Refugees in the Za’atari Refugee Camp, Jordan. MA in Post-War Recovery Studies, 1-28

The Syria crisis Washington post July 2016

Www.aaiusa.org Arab American Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://aaiusa.org.hotsited.com/

Rizzo, M. (2016, January 16). Framing the Syrian revolution debate | We Write What We Like. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from 

"Syrian Humanitarian Crisis: SOLIDAR Members in Action in ...Nap” nod Web. 24 Oct. 2016.

US humanitarian response to the Syrian refugee crisis - Think Tank. (Nod). Retrieved October 14, 2016, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/t US humanitarian response to the Syrian refugee crisis - Think Tank. (nod). Retriev

ed October 14, 2016, from 

                    

The Syrian refugee crisis is a direct consequence of the Syrian Civil War. Our political parties are very polarized; some do not believe that the United States should play much of a role—directly or indirectly—in helping refugees. Therefore, although helping Syrian refugees is not the ultimate goal of the U.S. government because Congress is extremely divided on this issue, the only way to solve this humanitarian crisis is if the global community comes together regardless of their differences. As a result, an objective approach to ending this crisis would be to create solutions through a worldwide collaboration of countries sponsored by the United Nations.       

However, to find solutions to the Syrian refugee crisis, Islamophobia must be overcome. Even though Islamophobia is not the direct cause of the Syrian refugee crisis, it is still a strong barrier to fixing this social problem. An increase in Islamophobia and an irrational belief that all Muslims and refugees are terrorists is now causing an unprecedented ban on Muslims entering the United States. Such a belief is irrational because it labels and stigmatizes all Muslims, including the majority who practice the actual religion of Islam correctly and peacefully. Muslims are not radicals who justify killing innocent people. Such a notion goes against the teachings in the Quran, which absolutely prohibits the killing of innocent people. Because a great many Americans have misconceptions about the religion of Islam, many politicians, especially Republicans, wish to stop accepting Syrian refugees into the United States. This prejudiced action is simply based on the stereotype that all Muslims are radical extremists like ISIS, which is a politically motivated organization of radicals who justify killing their own kind. In order to cure Islamophobia, people need to become educated about Islam and its actual teachings. Muslims renounce the violent practices of radical extremism. If the American people could join with the worldwide, peaceful Muslim majority and get past their Islamophobia, there would be no reason to fear Syrian refugees or need to stop them from coming to the United States. 

There have been many studies on the political, social and economic status of Syrian refugees who have been living in countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011. These studies include one by Susan Bartels and Kathleen Hamil. The authors discovered that 500,000 refugee children have been living in Lebanon for more than 10 days since November 2013 (Bartels & Hamil, 2015). The researchers reported two main findings in this study. First, parents must decide if they should send their children to work in potentially dangerous environments in order to support the family or if they should send them to school. However, even families who want to send their children to school have very limited opportunities or resources such as food and income, if any, to find a school to attend. The lack of opportunity and education for the children resulted in a second finding for Bartles and Hamil, who found that these constraints and limitations deprive children of adequate food, education, health care, and play. As a result, many Syrian refugee children have experienced both short and long-term physical and psychosocial development issues (Bartels & Hamil, 2015). 

This finding is significant because it shows that the safety and well-being of Syrian refugees is compromised. Furthermore, these findings show the internal and external struggles that Syrian refugees face, shedding light on the complicated dimensions of the refugee crisis that western society has never witnessed or taken into consideration. This is why the refugee crisis is now a serious global phenomenon that has not only affected Syria, but also the entire world. Western countries must expand their constrained perspectives on the Syrian refugee crisis and realize that they might be the refugees’ only chance at survival. In order to truly to help these refugees, westerners must overcome their emotional disengagement from problems other people face. Unlike the westerners, who can turn off the TV news or choose a cartoon instead, the refugees face violence every day, with no way to escape. Westerners are so alienated from other people’s problems that they do not see that war, economic livelihood, and the emotional and educational needs of children are interlinked.

Another study, conducted in January 2014, by Claude Bruderlein at Harvard University, produced an ethnography, which looked at wider refugee problems caused by the conflict in Syria. The study produced four main findings. First, despite the fact that most people believe Syrian refugees live in camps, they actually live in urban settings. In fact, , the number of refugees living in non-camp settings, in the five most popular host countries (Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt and Jordan) where Syrian refugees live, has risen from 81% in 2013 to 84% in 2014. It is important to make mention that Bruderlein was indeed correct in her prediction since the Syrian refugee population has increased since 2013 (Bruderlein, 2015). The second finding was the fact that Syrian refugees prefer to live in urban settings, and as a result, the registered refugee population of Jordan’s Za’atari camp declined by almost 40% between April and December of 2013. However, the Za’atari camp received an additional new 100,000 refugees during the same time. This demonstrates to an increase in the absolute number of refugees. This means that turnover is very high and that the camp is just used as a way station to the cities. The third finding is the fact that many Syrian refugees are willing to make significant sacrifices to leave camps, as the safety of some Syrian refugees is in jeopardy because many owe a significant amount of debt to smugglers. According to a survey by CARE International, more than 50% of participating refugee households living outside Jordanian camps reported incurring debts to smugglers rangingof between 75 and 1,500 Jordanian dinars (roughly $105 to $2,115 U.S.) (Bruderlein, 2015). The last finding is due to the fact there is a limited supply of houses and economic opportunities for Syrian refugees. They are forced to live with many people in unsuitable settlements such as tents, chicken coops, and garages. These overcrowded informal settlements lack basic amenities, such as electricity, heating, and access to water (Bruderlein, 2015). 

In order to understand how the Syrian refugee crisis became a social problem, we need to go back and analyze the meaning of Islamophobia. Islamophobia is the reason why the majority of the Republican Party is refusing to permit Syrian refugees to come to the United States. This goes beyond President-elect Trump’s bitter and sarcastic remarks about Muslims. According to the Washington Post, 55% of the GOP wants to ban Muslims from entering the country and deport the Syrian refugees that are already in the US (David, 2015). The Republican Party wants to ban Muslims because they see them as a threat to national security. This belief is not based on the actual teachings of Islam, or the statistics about Muslims. My research showed that non-Muslims are more likely than or as likely as radical extremists, to commit violent acts (Global Research, 2016). Although terrorism is a real threat, the threat to the United States from Muslims is greatly exaggerated. In fact, according to a Washington blog by Global Research, which shows data from the FBI, Muslims only perpetrated a small percentage of terrorist attacks carried out on U.S. soil (Global Research, 2016). The report shows that radical extremists, not the entire Muslim population, commit only six percent of terrorist attacks. Moreover, the report shows that Latinos, not Muslims (Global Research, 2016), commit the majority of terrorists’ attacks (Global Research, 2016).

As a result, people need to realize that Islamophobia is not only unfounded, because it goes against the teachings of the religion of Islam, but because people unfairly associate all Muslims with the actions of radical extremists, who make up a very small percentage of the population. In reality, people have cause to be afraid of terrorists and radical extremists like ISIS. People have misconceptions surrounding the Islamic religion as an ideology. They have come to believe that all Islamic people support killing both innocent people and their own kind for no reason. Instead, people need to have a cultural education of the Muslim religion and its actual teachings because Muslims practice the peaceful religion of Islam and renounce the violent practices of radical extremism.  

A study by Amir Saeed (2015) emphasizes the rise of Islamophobia in Britain, and the media’s contributions to the increase. The study shows that because of Islamophobia in the media, the public assumes that the Muslim population is radicalizing. As a result, people who used to be identified with a place of origin, or even as “people of color” have become recognized by their assumed religion. For example, this notion is most evident by the racist stereotype of the ‘Pa the Ki.’ The author discusses how the racial category of pa the ki is used to identify a person from Pakistan in Britain. Despite having poor stereotypes as Muslims, British Muslims want to identify themselves as British. Furthermore, after the events of 9/11 and the beginning of the so-called War on Terror, it is now British Muslims who are identified as a group of potentially ‘false nationals’ and systematically constructed as “the other” (Amir 2015). The author makes an important point about how the representation of Islam and Muslims in the media is extremely negative, especially for British Muslims. These voices in the media and by politicians are from all sides, and according to Saeed, we have tomust make more strenuous efforts to “‘integrate”’ British Muslims into British society and reassert their loyalty to the British state. He is not only describing the media’s discourse about British Muslims, but he is saying that the fact that people associate British Muslims with a war group like ISIS is not going to create an anti-war effort; instead of integrating Muslims, this discourse just alienates them further (Amir 2015). This study is important because it shows that the media in Britain—and by extension, the world—makes negative portrayals of ethnic minorities as the ‘other,’ and as a result, they are portrayed as alien outsiders to the ‘British way of life.’ This negative representation of British Muslims and other ethnic minorities originates in ideological thought (Orientalism) and recreates itself in a ‘new form of racist’ thinking (Islamophobia). Therefore, this system of thought suggests that British Muslims (regardless of citizenship) are still tied to the ‘foreign’ culture of Islam. The study proves how important the role of the media is in representing Muslims is, and how the portrayal of the religion of Islam is crucial to allowing British Muslims to be treated as British citizens (Amir 2015).

The rise of Islamophobia as a result of the refugee crisis is highlighted in a study by Enes Bayrakli and Farid Hafez that was conducted in 2014. There were two major findings that resulted from this study:; firstly, Islamophobia exists without Muslims or the religion of Islam, and it gives insight into the preconceived notions of the anti-Muslim racists (Bayrakli, Hafez, 2015). For example, in countries like Hungary, Finland, Lithuania, or Latvia, where only a small number of Muslims live, Islamophobia functions as a successful agent to mobilize people (Bayrakli, Hafez, 2015). As a result, not only do many people significantly overestimate the country's Muslim population, but also, although Muslims have not committed any violent acts in most countries, they are still often labeled as violent radical extremists, including innocent Syrian refugees escaping from their war-torn homeland. Additionally, the fact that Islamophobia was used as a fear-mongering tactic after the attacks in Paris has led to debates on Islam and Muslims throughout the West. It also led to a new increase in concerns about letting Syrian refugees enter the United States and Europe. The study also discussed how former Secretary of State László L. Simon urged Hungarians to return to their Christian spirituality and have more children to counter the negative cultural effects of mass migration. The secretary propagated the message that the “impending victory of Islamic parties imposing polygamy was destroying the remainder of European culture” (Bayrakli, Hafez, 2015). This strong Islamophobia is not restricted to the extreme right. In fact, the refugee migration has become increasingly associated with Islamic terrorism, and it has become the standard argument justifying several Islamophobic domestic and international measures. For example, the social democrat Czech President Milos Zeman claimed Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood as “an organized invasion” to “gradually control Europe” (Herranz 2015) masterminded the influx of refugees into Europe.

These findings are significant because they show the consequences and connection between Islamophobia and the refugee crisis, and they also prove that without such high Islamophobia in western countries, there would be less fear sorrounding the admission of Syrian refugees into the U.S and Europe. This study also demonstrates how dangerous the disease of Islamophobia is. Facts are forgotten and fiction, driven from fear, takes over.; Ppeople believe that Muslims pose a great risk to the democratic foundations of the United States and other western nations despite facts showing otherwise. In addition, racist attitudes towards Muslims also jeopardizes social peace as well as the coexistence of different cultures throughout the world. Therefore, both civil society and states have to work together to acknowledge the seriousness of this issue and develop concrete policies to counter Islamophobia. People in western nations should be educated by qualified personnel regarding how to combat negative perceptions of Muslims. In addition, Muslim civil society must be empowered with information to help combat Islamophobia, especially with regard to how Islamophobia is created in western nations.

A study on Syrian refugees in Jordan offers a personal look at the Za’atari refugee camp, and the surrounding urban areas of the conflict-proximate environment to gain a first-hand experience of the extent of the crisis. As the conflict in Syria continues to unfold, Jordan provides an excellent case study due to its proximity to the unrest and its past as a sanctuary for the refugees fleeing conflicts in Iraq, Palestine-Israel and Kuwait (University, York 2014). This camp hosts more than 50,000 refugees receiving assistance from a myriad of governmental, non-governmental, international, and local humanitarian and religious organizations. The nearby town of Mafraq—itself holding a number of transitory refugees within host families—provided a potent environment within which the students, in their four research clusters, would explore the following themes: 1. hHumanitarian assistance to refugees,; 2. cCoping mechanisms among refugees in the camp and in urban areas,; 3. eEducation, protection, and youth programs, and ; 4. social cohesion and host communities (University, York 2014). This study is important because it gives western nations a first-hand experience of the scale of the crisis, so that they are more aware of the problem. This study also looked at the refugee structure and organization to understand how refugees organize and coordinate with camp authorities. The authors produced many findings on the coordination of water, food, and shelter in the Zaatari camp (University, York 2014). The researchers provide a detailed discussion on how the camp is structured and the implications for refugees who live in the camp .This study provides an education for people all over the world about the severity of the crisis and what happens to refugees in camp. Moreover, the researchers’ description of the camp provides an accurate depiction of what the environment of the camps is actually like. Additionally, 95 families live in each street (University, York 2014). All these facts show how poor the living conditions of refugee actually are. The purpose of this research is to not only make important contributions to literature to strengthen services to help Syrians with humanitarian assistance but also to indicate the issues and challenges facing refugee communities within the Zaatari camp and reporting them to camp authorities. This research also shows the extent of the crisis to western nations so they can help stop the crisis.   

An article by Davis Harris on the refugee crisis discusses how the institute of International Education ‘has helped Syrian refugees attain a college education. According to Davis the Institute of International Education has assisted displaced and persecuted students and scholars (Harris 2016). This study shows that in response to the crisis in Syria, The Iinstitute of International Education has provided emergency support and educational opportunities to over 350 Syrian faculty and university students whose lives and academic careers are threatened due to the conflict. It has enabled more than 200 Syrian university students to resume their studies at institutions in the U.S. and globally (Harris 2016) . (The institute of International Education 2016). Most recently, IIE developed a program called "From Camps to Campus" , a pilot project, which will provide scholarships to students from the Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan. ( The Institute of International Education 2016). This research shows how important getting an education is for Syrian refugees because it gives them more opportunities for jobs and social mobility. An education is the best way for refugees to improve their life circumstances and move on from this tragedy.

              A study by Rochelle Davis and Abbie Taylor from The Center for Contemporary Arab Studies and The Institute for the Study of International Migration Georgetown University shows how countries hosting Syrian refugees have played the major role in averting a much larger humanitarian crises, but the crisis can only be solved by ending the fighting in Syria. In the interim, the past and present lives of those displaced, the scale of their upheaval, and their concerns for their homeland cannot be ignored in the scramble to provide rapid solutions in a time of crisis. Davis and Taylor 2013). We cannot ignore or neglect the voices of Syrian refugees. We need to form the discussions of Syria’s future in order to find solutions to the crisis. This research shows that the only way to solve the refugee crisis is to end the fighting in Syria. Therefore, it cannot be overstated that the solution to the displacement issue requires a political solution to end the violence and insecurity in Syria. 

There has been a growing body of research on refugees from Syria. However, people lack, a focus on understanding the politics of responses by the main host states—Lebanon , Jordan, and Turkey. Although we already know a lot about those governments’ basic positions at the capital city level, there is a lot more to understand at the local level. For example, how do municipal or district level authorities shape responses, and what potential opportunities does this provide? In this one -year project, we are conducting fieldwork across the three main host countries. The objective of the project is to inform policies that can enhance protection space for displaced Syrians within the region of origin. (The Politics of the Syrian Refugee Crisis 2016,) oxford university). This research demonstrates that we can solve the refugee crisis only after and if we can better understand the refugee politics, the layers of decision-making, and the gatekeepers that shape policy at local, national, and regional levels. Tthis in turn will point to new policy levers available to donor governments and the international community. We need to understand how interests and power relationships have played out at a micro-political level and how that can open up new diplomatic channels to enhance protection space. (The Politics of the Syrian Refugee Crisis,") 2016). Understanding these politics within the main host countries is the key to unlocking protection space. All ofAll these policies can help people find solutions by making new laws and changing existing ones them to help refugees in their political regions as well as western policies.

Western countries need to understand and define Islamophobia and the roots of this type of racism to fix the refugee crisis.t heFinally, the findings of many of the studies conducted bring me to the same conclusion. The Syrian refugee problem still exists because most Western societies only react and pay attention to a problem when celebrities make a statement about an issue as opposed to their government. For example, in the United States when President Obama wanted to let in refugees and the issue was not taken seriously until mentioned by Alicia Keys, a famous singer. Therefore, people continue to struggle with Islamophobia because they do not address it. 

Even though there has been humanitarian involvement in Syria by the United Nations, these efforts are inadequate to the scale of the crisis. Therefore, the refugee crisis requires the implementation of innovative programs and policies to address the short- and long-term needs of refugees and host communities, which are essential to the long-term stability of the Middle East. 

Works Cited

Bartels, Susan; Hamil, Kathleen. University Harvard .’’The Syrian refugee crisis: New research on a problem of historic proportions - Journalist's Resource. (2015, June 22). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from 

Syrian Refugees in Jordan and Lebanon: A Snapshot from Summer 2013 

Davis Rochelle and Taylor, Abbie May . The Center for Contemporary Arab Studies The Institute for the Study of International Migration Georgetown University 

Herranz, a. c. Islamophobia in. European Islamophobia report, 465.

oxford university "The Politics of the Syrian Refugee Crisis") from 

Saeed, Amir (2015) Racism and Islamophobia: A Personal Perspective. Identity papers: A journal of British and Irish studies, 1 (1). pp. 15-31. ISSN 2058-6205

Selby, J. A., & Beaman, L. G. (2016). Reposing the “Muslim Question”. Critical Research on Religion, 2050303216630541.

The institute of International Education 2016

.. Retrieved November 12, 2016, from /www.york.ac.uk/media/prdu/documents/generaldocuments/Jordan 2014.pd

University, H. (2014, January). Running Out Of Time: Survival of Syrian Refugee Children in Lebanon. Retrieved October 02, 2016, from

http://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/running-out-time-survival-syrian-refugee-children-lebanon 

Washington blog by Global Research, June 13, 2016

University, York in Jordan (2012, December 6 -18). A Field Study Report The Case of Syrian Refugees in the Za’atari Refugee Camp, Jordan. MA in Post-War Recovery Studies, 1-28

the Syria crisis Washington post july 2016

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