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Child Development: Middle Childhood Study Guide
____ 1. What happens to the rate of children’s height and weight during middle childhood.
the rate of cfrom 7-12 Boys and girls have rapid growth spurt they averge about 2 inches in height per year until adolescent. Boys and girls average about 5-7 in weight gain in Middle Childhood Boys are slightly heavier and taller than girls at 9- 10 yrs. Boys develop muscle Girls at 9- 10 yrs will begin a rapid adolescent growth and suppass boys in height they develop more fat
in Middle Childhood a child’s weight doubles they become less stocky and more slender
____ 2. What is the average weight gain per year in middle childhood?
Boys and girls average about 5-7 in weight gain in Middle Childhood
in Middle Childhood a child’s weight doubles they become less stocky and more slender
____ 3. What kind of food is typically offered to children in schools?
Fast food is typically offered to children in schools foods high in sugar animal fats and salts Schools offer large portion sizes
____ 4. What is the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls; children of different ethnic groups? How has the rate of obesity changed in the past 30 years?
16 – 25 % of children and teens in the U.S are over weight over weight parents encourage over eating a person cultural background can influence the variety of food they eat some people burn more calories other turn calories into fat the rate of obesity has increased in the past 30 years
____ 5. What happens to the weight of obese children as they get older?
obese children can often remain overweight as they get into adolescence and adulthood
obesity in boys and girls; can cause children health problems as adults.
____ 6. In terms of motor development in middle childhood, children develop increases in gross motor skills muscles grow stronger, sensor motor abilities and fine motor like tying shoe laces holding pencils :
____ 7. By age 7, most children are capable of which gross motor skills?
By age 7, most children are capable of tying shoe laces and holding pencils
____ 8.
By what age can most children hold a pencil in the same manner in which adults do?
By age 7, most children are capable of holding pencils in the same manner in which adults do
____ 9. Which activities promote the best physical health for children?
Cardiac and muscular fitness are developed by Aerobic exercise such as yoga swimming
Children need stay active play sports like baseball or football.
____ 10. Why are certain disabilities, such as often not noticed in children until the middle childhood years?
Certain disabilities, such as ADHD, often not noticed in children until the middle childhood years because ADHD is a learning disability often noticed around age 7 when children are in the classroom where children need to stay still and they need to be focused on school activities. as a result children with ADHD are hyperactive excessive have inattention impulsiveness which causes children with ADHD not to be diagnosed until their elementary school years
____ 11. Research to support a genetic component to ADHD indicates that the regulation of what brain chemical may be involved:
Research to support a genetic component to ADHD indicates that the regulation of dopamine a brain chemical may be involved:
____ 12. What is the most common treatment for ADHD?
the most common treatment for ADHD is a stimulants called Ritian because they promote the activity of dopamine and nonadrenaline in the brain that sitimule the executive center
____ 13. Learning disabilities are characterized by two factors, below age-level performance in reading, writing, or math and:
Speaking or understanding spoken language motor coordination
____ 14. In childhood, dyslexia tends to be treated with:
childhood, dyslexia tends to be treated with:Special education class
____ 15. According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?
According to Piaget, most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development From 7-12 years of age
____ 16. In cognitive development, decentration means:
in decentration (the ability to focus on multiple parts of a problem at once)ConservationThe concept that objects can have several properties or dimensions simultaneouslyChildren at this stage now show understanding of the laws of conservation.
____ 17. The ability to understand that things that are tall can be light OR heavy is an example of what aspects of concrete-operational thinking:
The ability to understand that things that are tall can be light OR heavy is an example of ConservationThe concept that objects can have several properties or dimensions simultaneously
____ 18. José understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates what cognitive ability:
Transitivity
Understanding of this concept is tested by demonstrating the ability to place objects in a series, or order, according to some property or trait they possess
____ 19. What is seriation? Think of some examples.
TransitivityUnderstanding of this concept is tested by demonstrating the ability to place objects in a series, or order, according to some property or trait they possess.This is known as Seriation.Pre-operational children cannot put in order more than one property at a time.Concrete-operational children, age 7-8 yrs, can work with more than one dimension at a time. example memorizing alpa
____ 20. What are the similarities in Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theories of moral development? What cognitive skills allow a child’s morality to develop?
The Preconventional Level:Children base moral judgments on the consequences of their actions.Stage 1 & 2 moral judgments most used by 7-10 year olds; after age 10 they declineStage 1: Oriented toward obedience and punishment One is good merely to avoid being punished.Stage 2: Good behavior satisfies own needs and maybe others.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentThe Conventional Level:Right and wrong are determined by conformity to family, religious, and societal standards.Stages 3 & 4 emerge during middle childhood after age 7About 20% of 10 yr-olds conform to these stagesStage 3:Moral behavior is considered “normal” or what everyone does.It is good to meet the expectations of others.Stage 4:Moral judgments based on rules that maintain social order.
Showing respect for authority and duty is highly valued
Decentration and empathy allow weighing of intentions versus amount of damage as consideration in judgmentsAccidents are less likely to be viewed as crimes.
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentKohlberg emphasized importance of viewing morals from someone else’s perspective.He argued that developmental stages of moral reasoning follow the same sequence in all children.
____ 21. Describe Piaget’s stages of moral development
Piaget’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentStage 1: Moral Realism (Objective Morality)About age 5 children:Judge correct behavior as conforming to authority or following the rulesPerceive rules as embedded in structure of thingsRules reflect reality: moral realismRules are seen as absolute with no consideration for meeting social needs of peopleThe concept of immanent justice (automatic retributions) disallows children at this stage to separate intentional from accidental thus does not allow exclusion from punishment for accidental injuries.At this stage, the amount of damage is more relevant than the intentions of the wrongdoer.Moral Development: The Child as JudgePiaget’s Theory of Moral Development, con’t.Stage 2: Autonomous MoralityAge 9-11Moral judgments become more self-governed.Children see rules as agreements subject to change when circumstances warrant.They can now focus on multiple dimensions; so can see rules and motives as separate considerationsThey also now have greater capacity to empathize.Decentration and empathy allow weighing of intentions versus amount of damage as consideration in judgmentsAccidents are less likely to be viewed as crimes.
____ 22. Children in Piaget’s second stage of moral development not only consider social rules, but they also take into account what? circumstances amount of damage as consideration in judgments
Children see rules as agreements subject to change when circumstances warrant.They can now focus on multiple dimensions; so can see rules and motives as separate considerations
____ 23. Familiarize yourself with the reasoning children use to solve the Heinz dilemma at each of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. The Preconventional Level:Children base moral judgments on the consequences of their actions.Stage 1 & 2 moral judgments most used by 7-10 year olds; after age 10 they declineStage 1: Oriented toward obedience and punishment One is good merely to avoid being punished.Stage 2: Good behavior satisfies own needs and maybe others.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentThe Conventional Level:c
____ 1. What happens to the rate of children’s height and weight during middle childhood.
the rate of cfrom 7-12 Boys and girls have rapid growth spurt they averge about 2 inches in height per year until adolescent. Boys and girls average about 5-7 in weight gain in Middle Childhood Boys are slightly heavier and taller than girls at 9- 10 yrs. Boys develop muscle Girls at 9- 10 yrs will begin a rapid adolescent growth and suppass boys in height they develop more fat
in Middle Childhood a child’s weight doubles they become less stocky and more slender
____ 2. What is the average weight gain per year in middle childhood?
Boys and girls average about 5-7 in weight gain in Middle Childhood
in Middle Childhood a child’s weight doubles they become less stocky and more slender
____ 3. What kind of food is typically offered to children in schools?
Fast food is typically offered to children in schools foods high in sugar animal fats and salts Schools offer large portion sizes
____ 4. What is the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls; children of different ethnic groups? How has the rate of obesity changed in the past 30 years?
16 – 25 % of children and teens in the U.S are over weight over weight parents encourage over eating a person cultural background can influence the variety of food they eat some people burn more calories other turn calories into fat the rate of obesity has increased in the past 30 years
____ 5. What happens to the weight of obese children as they get older?
obese children can often remain overweight as they get into adolescence and adulthood
obesity in boys and girls; can cause children health problems as adults.
____ 6. In terms of motor development in middle childhood, children develop increases in gross motor skills muscles grow stronger, sensor motor abilities and fine motor like tying shoe laces holding pencils :
____ 7. By age 7, most children are capable of which gross motor skills?
By age 7, most children are capable of tying shoe laces and holding pencils
____ 8.
By what age can most children hold a pencil in the same manner in which adults do?
By age 7, most children are capable of holding pencils in the same manner in which adults do
____ 9. Which activities promote the best physical health for children?
Cardiac and muscular fitness are developed by Aerobic exercise such as yoga swimming
Children need stay active play sports like baseball or football.
____ 10. Why are certain disabilities, such as often not noticed in children until the middle childhood years?
Certain disabilities, such as ADHD, often not noticed in children until the middle childhood years because ADHD is a learning disability often noticed around age 7 when children are in the classroom where children need to stay still and they need to be focused on school activities. as a result children with ADHD are hyperactive excessive have inattention impulsiveness which causes children with ADHD not to be diagnosed until their elementary school years
____ 11. Research to support a genetic component to ADHD indicates that the regulation of what brain chemical may be involved:
Research to support a genetic component to ADHD indicates that the regulation of dopamine a brain chemical may be involved:
____ 12. What is the most common treatment for ADHD?
the most common treatment for ADHD is a stimulants called Ritian because they promote the activity of dopamine and nonadrenaline in the brain that sitimule the executive center
____ 13. Learning disabilities are characterized by two factors, below age-level performance in reading, writing, or math and:
Speaking or understanding spoken language motor coordination
____ 14. In childhood, dyslexia tends to be treated with:
childhood, dyslexia tends to be treated with:Special education class
____ 15. According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?
According to Piaget, most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development From 7-12 years of age
____ 16. In cognitive development, decentration means:
in decentration (the ability to focus on multiple parts of a problem at once)ConservationThe concept that objects can have several properties or dimensions simultaneouslyChildren at this stage now show understanding of the laws of conservation.
____ 17. The ability to understand that things that are tall can be light OR heavy is an example of what aspects of concrete-operational thinking:
The ability to understand that things that are tall can be light OR heavy is an example of ConservationThe concept that objects can have several properties or dimensions simultaneously
____ 18. José understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates what cognitive ability:
Transitivity
Understanding of this concept is tested by demonstrating the ability to place objects in a series, or order, according to some property or trait they possess
____ 19. What is seriation? Think of some examples.
TransitivityUnderstanding of this concept is tested by demonstrating the ability to place objects in a series, or order, according to some property or trait they possess.This is known as Seriation.Pre-operational children cannot put in order more than one property at a time.Concrete-operational children, age 7-8 yrs, can work with more than one dimension at a time. example memorizing alpa
____ 20. What are the similarities in Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theories of moral development? What cognitive skills allow a child’s morality to develop?
The Preconventional Level:Children base moral judgments on the consequences of their actions.Stage 1 & 2 moral judgments most used by 7-10 year olds; after age 10 they declineStage 1: Oriented toward obedience and punishment One is good merely to avoid being punished.Stage 2: Good behavior satisfies own needs and maybe others.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentThe Conventional Level:Right and wrong are determined by conformity to family, religious, and societal standards.Stages 3 & 4 emerge during middle childhood after age 7About 20% of 10 yr-olds conform to these stagesStage 3:Moral behavior is considered “normal” or what everyone does.It is good to meet the expectations of others.Stage 4:Moral judgments based on rules that maintain social order.
Showing respect for authority and duty is highly valued
Decentration and empathy allow weighing of intentions versus amount of damage as consideration in judgmentsAccidents are less likely to be viewed as crimes.
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentKohlberg emphasized importance of viewing morals from someone else’s perspective.He argued that developmental stages of moral reasoning follow the same sequence in all children.
____ 21. Describe Piaget’s stages of moral development
Piaget’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentStage 1: Moral Realism (Objective Morality)About age 5 children:Judge correct behavior as conforming to authority or following the rulesPerceive rules as embedded in structure of thingsRules reflect reality: moral realismRules are seen as absolute with no consideration for meeting social needs of peopleThe concept of immanent justice (automatic retributions) disallows children at this stage to separate intentional from accidental thus does not allow exclusion from punishment for accidental injuries.At this stage, the amount of damage is more relevant than the intentions of the wrongdoer.Moral Development: The Child as JudgePiaget’s Theory of Moral Development, con’t.Stage 2: Autonomous MoralityAge 9-11Moral judgments become more self-governed.Children see rules as agreements subject to change when circumstances warrant.They can now focus on multiple dimensions; so can see rules and motives as separate considerationsThey also now have greater capacity to empathize.Decentration and empathy allow weighing of intentions versus amount of damage as consideration in judgmentsAccidents are less likely to be viewed as crimes.
____ 22. Children in Piaget’s second stage of moral development not only consider social rules, but they also take into account what? circumstances amount of damage as consideration in judgments
Children see rules as agreements subject to change when circumstances warrant.They can now focus on multiple dimensions; so can see rules and motives as separate considerations
____ 23. Familiarize yourself with the reasoning children use to solve the Heinz dilemma at each of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. The Preconventional Level:Children base moral judgments on the consequences of their actions.Stage 1 & 2 moral judgments most used by 7-10 year olds; after age 10 they declineStage 1: Oriented toward obedience and punishment One is good merely to avoid being punished.Stage 2: Good behavior satisfies own needs and maybe others.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentThe Conventional Level:c
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